inimkonna

Inimkond is an Estonian noun referring to the entire human species or humanity. It is a collective term used when discussing issues that affect all people, such as climate change, pandemics, or global ethics. The genitive form inimkonna is used to express possession or relation, as in inimkonna tulevik (“the future of humankind”).

Etymology and meaning: the word combines inimene (human) and kond (a group or community), yielding a concept that denotes humanity as a whole rather than any single nation, tribe, or individual. Inimkond is neutral in tone and commonly found in scientific, philosophical, journalistic, and public discourse.

Usage and nuance: inimkond emphasizes a global perspective and shared fate. It is often contrasted with more specific social or political units, such as rahvas (people or nation) or riik (state), to highlight issues that transcend borders. The term supports discussions about responsibility, ethics, and long-term planning at a planetary scale, while avoiding nationalist or partisan connotations.

Declension and form: like many Estonian nouns, inimkond is declined in standard Estonian; the genitive form is inimkonna, used in phrases such as “inimkonna tulevik” (the future of humankind). The plural form inimkonnad exists for referents of multiple human communities, though it is used less often when speaking of humanity as a whole.

See also: inimene, rahvus, maailma.