infrarosso

Infrarosso, or infrared, refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves. It covers a broad range from about 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter and is commonly divided into near, mid, and far infrared, with subdivisions used for scientific and technical purposes. Infrared radiation is not visible to the human eye, but it can be detected and converted into electrical signals by specialized sensors.

Objects at typical environmental temperatures emit infrared radiation as described by Planck's law. The amount and wavelength distribution of this emission provide information about temperature, composition, and surface properties. Infrared detectors include photodiodes, bolometers, and thermopiles, operating across different spectral bands for imaging, spectroscopy, and sensing applications. Technologies such as cooled and uncooled infrared cameras enable thermal imaging in low-light or obscured conditions.

Applications of infrarosso are widespread. Thermal imaging is used in building inspection, electrical maintenance, firefighting, and night-vision devices. Infrared spectroscopy identifies chemical bonds and molecular structures in chemistry and materials science. In telecommunications, infrared wavelengths enable fiber-optic data transmission and free-space optical links. Infrared astronomy observes celestial objects obscured in visible light, contributing to studies of planets, stars, and galaxies.

History notes that infrarosso was discovered by William Herschel in 1800, who demonstrated the existence of radiation beyond the red end of the visible spectrum and coined the term infrared. Safety considerations include the potential for thermal injury to skin and eyes with improper exposure, leading to recommended exposure limits and protective measures in occupational settings.