infirmite

Infirmity, or infirmité in some languages, denotes a state of weakness or disability that impairs normal functioning. In medical and gerontological contexts it describes impairments that limit physical capacity, cognitive function, or daily living activities. The term can refer to chronic conditions, age-related decline, or a combination of health problems that reduce independence.

Etymology and usage: The word derives from Latin infirmus meaning weak and entered English via Old French and later modern French infirmité. In English, infirmity is closely related to frailty and disability but emphasizes vulnerability and the tendency toward progressive decline, particularly in older adults. In legal or health-care documents it may define eligibility for services or supports.

Causes and manifestations: Infirmity commonly arises from aging, chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, or arthritis, neurological conditions, injuries, or congenital disorders. Symptoms include reduced strength, slower mobility, balance problems, sensory loss, and difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs). In some contexts infirmity increases risk of hospitalization and dependence on caregivers.

Management and assessment: Care is multidisciplinary, combining medical treatment with physical and occupational therapy, nutrition, medication review, assistive devices, and social support. Assessments use functional scales, ADLs, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and frailty indices to guide interventions and eligibility for services.