inexternrotation

Inexternrotation is not a standard term in anatomy or biomechanics. It is likely a misspelling or misinterpretation of external rotation, or a reference to the concepts of internal and external rotation used together. When encountered, it is advisable to confirm the intended term with the source.

External rotation refers to a rotation about a limb’s longitudinal axis that moves a segment away from the midline of the body. It occurs at several joints, most commonly the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) and the hip. In the shoulder, external rotation is typically described with the elbow flexed at about 90 degrees, and the forearm rotating laterally. In the hip, external rotation occurs with the knee flexed and the foot turning outward. Movement ranges vary by joint, technique, and individual factors.

The muscles primarily responsible for external rotation include the shoulder’s infraspinatus and teres minor, assisted by the posterior deltoid. In the hip, external rotation is produced by a group of deep lateral rotators (piriformis, obturators, gemelli, quadratus femoris) and the gluteus maximus, among others. Internal rotation—the opposite movement—uses muscles such as the subscapularis in the shoulder and the tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius and minimus, and portions of the hip flexors.

In clinical practice, external rotation is commonly assessed with goniometry to evaluate range of motion and shoulder or hip function. Limitations in external rotation can indicate injuries or pathology, such as rotator cuff disorders, impingement, capsular tightness, or hip joint conditions. Accurate terminology helps avoid confusion when documenting findings and planning treatment.

See also: internal rotation, range of motion, goniometry, rotator cuff, hip rotators.