immunhiányvírus

Immunhiányvírus is the Hungarian term for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV. HIV is a lentivirus that infects human immune cells, primarily CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The virus attacks and destroys these cells, weakening the immune system over time. If left untreated, HIV infection can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition where the immune system is severely compromised, making the individual susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

HIV is transmitted through specific bodily fluids, including blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. It is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils.

Diagnosis of HIV is typically made through blood or saliva tests. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for HIV. ART involves a combination of medications that suppress the virus's replication, allowing the immune system to recover and preventing the progression to AIDS. With effective ART, individuals with HIV can live long, healthy lives and achieve an undetectable viral load, meaning the virus is present at such low levels that it cannot be transmitted sexually. Research continues to focus on developing a cure and effective vaccine for HIV.