immunförsvagning

Immunförsvagning, also known as immunosuppression, refers to a state where the immune system's ability to fight infections and diseases is weakened. This can occur due to various reasons, either naturally or as a consequence of medical interventions.

A weakened immune system makes an individual more susceptible to infections. Pathogens that would normally be easily controlled by a healthy immune system can cause severe illness or become persistent. Opportunistic infections, which are caused by microbes that typically do not cause disease in people with healthy immune systems, are a common concern in individuals with immunförsvagning.

Causes of immunförsvagning can be broadly categorized. Primary immunodeficiency disorders are genetic conditions present from birth, affecting the development or function of immune cells. Secondary immunodeficiency, on the other hand, is acquired later in life. This can be caused by chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS, certain types of cancer (such as leukemia and lymphoma), malnutrition, severe burns, or the use of immunosuppressive medications. Immunosuppressive drugs are intentionally prescribed to prevent organ transplant rejection or to manage autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Diagnosing immunförsvagning often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, such as blood counts and specific immune function tests. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, preventing and treating infections, and in some cases, immune-boosting therapies or stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiencies. Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining good hygiene and avoiding crowded places, are also important for individuals with a compromised immune system.