ikkunat

Ikkunat is the Finnish term for windows, the openings in walls that admit light, provide views, and allow ventilation. They are essential elements of thermal comfort and daylight design in buildings. A typical ikkunat consists of a frame, a sash or sashes, glazing, and seals. Frames may be made of wood, metal, or composites; in Finland timber frames with metal or aluminum cladding are common for durability and insulation. Glazing frequently uses multiple panes, with triple glazing common in cold climates, often with low-emissivity coatings and inert gas fills to reduce heat loss.

Common window types include casement windows (hinged on one side and opening outward or inward), sash windows (two or more movable panels, as in double-hung or sliding sashes), sliding windows, and fixed or picture windows. More recent designs include tilt-and-turn variants, and smart or electrochromic glazing that can adjust transparency.

Energy efficiency is a major consideration for ikkunat in Nordic climates. Proper orientation, airtight installation, high-performance glazing, and well-sealed frames minimize heat loss while maximizing daylight. Safety glazing, such as tempered or laminated glass, is often used in areas near floors or stairs.

Historically, ikkunat evolved from simple openings in log or masonry walls to highly insulated, ventilated units. They influence not only energy use but also the character of interiors and the connection to seasonal light changes common in Finland. Innovations continue with improved solar control, shading solutions, and smart glazing options.