ihoaltistus

Ihoaltistus is a term used in occupational health to describe exposure of the skin to chemical, physical, or biological agents. It covers any contact between the skin and substances or energies that can be absorbed, irritate, or otherwise affect the skin. Dermal absorption is often the main route to systemic exposure, though local effects are common.

Common sources include liquids or solids that touch the skin—solvents, acids and bases, oxidizers, pesticides, detergents, and dyes; physical factors such as UV, heat, and cold; and biological agents such as bacteria and fungi. The extent depends on exposure duration, skin condition, and substance properties.

Health effects range from irritation and redness to chemical burns and allergic contact dermatitis. Repeated exposure can cause chronic dermatitis or sensitization, where the skin reacts more strongly to a substance. Some chemicals can penetrate the skin and contribute to systemic toxicity.

Assessment considers time of contact, exposed skin area, concentration, and frequency. Dermal dosimetry and hazard labeling aid estimation, while monitoring and hygiene practices help manage risk.

Control measures follow the hierarchy of controls: substitute hazardous substances; use engineering controls and closed systems; wear appropriate gloves and protective clothing; and ensure proper hygiene and skin decontamination after exposure. Regular skin health surveillance and prompt first aid for exposures are recommended.

Regulatory frameworks address ihoaltistus hazards through occupational safety standards, chemical classifications, and exposure limits, including international guidance from REACH and CLP.