ifPresentOrElse

The `ifPresentOrElse` method is a terminal operation available on `Optional` objects in Java, introduced in Java 11. It provides a concise way to execute one of two actions based on whether the `Optional` contains a value.

The `ifPresentOrElse` method accepts two arguments: a `Consumer` for the action to perform if the `Optional` has a value, and a `Runnable` for the action to perform if the `Optional` is empty. If a value is present, the provided `Consumer` is invoked with the value. If the `Optional` is empty, the provided `Runnable` is executed.

This method is useful for handling cases where you need to perform a specific action when a value exists and a different action when it does not, without the need for explicit null checks or separate `ifPresent` and `orElse` blocks. It promotes more readable and less error-prone code by encapsulating these conditional execution paths.

For example, if you have an `Optional<String>` named `name`, you could use `name.ifPresentOrElse(System.out::println, () -> System.out.println("No name provided"));`. This would print the name if it exists, or print "No name provided" if the `Optional` is empty. The `ifPresentOrElse` method contributes to the functional programming paradigm in Java by allowing side-effecting operations to be expressed in a more declarative manner.