ickehöljesvirus

Ickehöljesvirus, also known as non-enveloped viruses or naked viruses, are a category of viruses characterized by the absence of a lipid envelope surrounding their genetic material. Unlike enveloped viruses, which acquire their outer membrane from the host cell during replication, ickehöljesvirus particles are composed solely of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein capsid. The capsid's structure can vary, often taking the form of an icosahedron or a helix.

The lack of an envelope has significant implications for the survival and transmission of ickehöljesvirus. They are generally more resistant to environmental conditions such as heat, drying, and detergents, which can readily inactivate enveloped viruses by disrupting their lipid membrane. This resilience allows ickehöljesvirus to persist on surfaces and in the environment for extended periods, facilitating transmission through various routes, including fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, and direct contact.

Replication strategies also differ. Ickehöljesvirus typically enter host cells through mechanisms like endocytosis or direct penetration of the cell membrane. Once inside, the capsid disassembles, releasing the viral genome to hijack the host cell's machinery for replication and assembly of new virus particles. These new virions are then released from the host cell, often through cell lysis, a process that can cause damage to host tissues. Examples of common ickehöljesvirus include poliovirus, adenovirus, and norovirus.