hýpóþyróíðismi

Hýpóþyróíðismi, also known as hypothyroidism, is a medical condition characterized by the thyroid gland not producing enough thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and many other essential bodily functions. When these hormones are deficient, the body's processes slow down.

The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be subtle and develop gradually, often leading to a delayed diagnosis. Common signs include fatigue, feeling cold, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, muscle weakness, and depression. In children, it can affect growth and development.

There are several causes of hypothyroidism. The most frequent cause is an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Treatment usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, most commonly with levothyroxine, a synthetic form of T4. This medication is taken daily and helps restore hormone levels to normal. With proper treatment, most individuals with hypothyroidism can live healthy lives.