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Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body, and when its levels drop too low, it can impair the brain's function and lead to various symptoms.

Common causes of hypoglycemia include certain medications, particularly those used to treat diabetes such as insulin or sulfonylureas, as well as excessive alcohol consumption, skipping meals, intense physical activity without adequate carbohydrate intake, and certain medical conditions like pancreatic tumors or liver disease.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can range from mild to severe and may include shakiness, sweating, dizziness, confusion, irritability, rapid heartbeat, and hunger. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even coma if left untreated.

Diagnosis is typically made by measuring blood glucose levels. Treatment involves quickly raising blood sugar levels by consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, such as fruit juice, regular soda, honey, or glucose tablets. For individuals with diabetes, regular monitoring of blood glucose and understanding the causes and management of hypoglycemia are crucial for preventing serious complications. In non-diabetic individuals, identifying and treating the underlying cause is essential.