hüperinsulineemiani

Hyperinsulinism refers to a condition where the pancreas produces excessive amounts of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. When there is too much insulin, it causes blood glucose levels to drop too low, a state known as hypoglycemia.

This condition can be congenital, meaning it is present from birth, or acquired later in life. Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is often caused by genetic mutations that affect how insulin is regulated. Acquired forms can arise due to certain medications, tumors of the pancreas (insulinomas), or other underlying medical conditions.

Symptoms of hyperinsulinism can vary but often include shakiness, sweating, confusion, irritability, seizures, and in severe cases, coma. These symptoms are a direct result of the low blood sugar. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure glucose and insulin levels, often after a period of fasting. Genetic testing may also be performed.

Treatment aims to normalize blood sugar levels and prevent hypoglycemia. This can involve dietary modifications, such as frequent small meals and avoiding sugary foods. Medications may be prescribed to reduce insulin production or increase blood glucose. In cases of insulinomas, surgical removal of the tumor is often curative. For persistent or severe CHI, medication or surgery may be necessary. The long-term outlook depends on the cause and severity of the condition.