hüdroperoksüdaasi

Hydroperoxidase is a general term for enzymes that catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide or organic hydroperoxides. These enzymes play crucial roles in cellular defense against oxidative stress by detoxifying reactive oxygen species. They are found in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals.

There are several classes of hydroperoxidases, differing in their prosthetic groups and catalytic mechanisms. Catalase is a prominent example, found in most aerobic organisms, which efficiently decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Another important class is the peroxidase enzymes, which utilize various electron donors to reduce hydroperoxides. These include glutathione peroxidase, which uses glutathione as a reducing agent, and thioredoxin peroxidase, which employs thioredoxin.

The activity of hydroperoxidases is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing damage to biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, which can be caused by reactive oxygen species. Deficiencies or dysregulation of these enzymes have been implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Research continues to explore the therapeutic potential of modulating hydroperoxidase activity for treating these conditions.