hüdroksiidkihte

Hydroksiidkihte, also known as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or hydrotalcite-like compounds, are a class of anionic clays with a unique layered structure. Their general formula is [M(II)1-x M(III)x (OH)2]x+ [Anion]x/n · mH2O, where M(II) represents divalent metal cations (like Mg2+ or Al3+), M(III) represents trivalent metal cations (like Al3+ or Fe3+), Anion is an interlayer anion with charge n-, and H2O represents interlayer water molecules. The positively charged brucite-like layers are charge-balanced by anions and water molecules residing in the interlayer spaces.

These materials are synthesized through various methods, often involving co-precipitation of metal salts in alkaline solutions. The specific ratio of divalent to trivalent metal cations, the choice of anions, and the synthesis conditions significantly influence the material's properties, including its interlayer spacing, surface area, and catalytic activity.

Hydroksiidkihte exhibit a wide range of applications due to their tunable structure and properties. They are utilized as catalysts and catalyst supports in various chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and dehydrohalogenation. Their anion exchange capacity makes them effective sorbents for removing pollutants such as phosphates, chromates, and heavy metal ions from water. Furthermore, they find use in pharmaceuticals as drug delivery systems and in polymer composites as flame retardants and stabilizers. Research continues to explore novel applications for these versatile layered materials.