hörnhinnevävnad

Hörnhinnevävnad, also known as corneal tissue, refers to the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. This avascular tissue is crucial for vision as it refracts light entering the eye. Its transparency is maintained by a delicate structure and hydration. Hörnhinnevävnad is composed of several layers, including the epithelium, Bowman's layer, the stroma, Descemet's membrane, and the endothelium. Each layer plays a specific role in maintaining the cornea's integrity and function. The stroma, the thickest layer, is made up of collagen fibers arranged in a precise way that allows for transparency. The endothelium, a single layer of cells at the back of the cornea, actively pumps fluid out to keep the stroma hydrated but not swollen. Damage or disease affecting any of these layers can lead to corneal opacity and vision loss. Conditions like keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, or infections can impair the function of hörnhinnevävnad. In cases of severe vision impairment due to corneal damage, a corneal transplant (keratoplasty) may be performed, where damaged corneal tissue is replaced with healthy donor tissue. The availability of donor hörnhinnevävnad is essential for treating many corneal diseases and restoring sight.