höfterna

Höfterna refer broadly to the hips, including the hip joints and the surrounding region that connects the lower limbs to the trunk. In anatomical terms the primary hinge is the hip joint itself, a ball-and-socket joint formed by the femoral head fitting into the acetabulum of the pelvis. The pelvis consists of the ilium, ischium and pubis, fused in adults, and the joint is stabilized by a fibrous capsule, the labrum, and several strong ligaments. Muscles around the hip, such as the gluteal group, iliopsoas, adductors and abductors, contribute to movement and stability.

Functionally, the hips bear body weight during standing and walking and allow a wide range of motions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and internal and external rotation. The joint’s design enables locomotion while absorbing forces transmitted through the lower limb. Proper hip function is essential for gait, balance, and posture, and problems in the hips can affect the pelvis, spine and knees.

Common conditions affecting the höfterna include osteoarthritis, especially in older adults, and fractures of the femoral neck after a fall. Other problems include hip dislocation (rare in adults but more common in certain injuries or with predisposing conditions), bursitis around the greater trochanter, tendinopathies of the hip flexors or the gluteal tendons, and pediatric developmental issues such as developmental dysplasia of the hip. Less frequent but notable conditions include femoroacetabular impingement, avascular necrosis and inflammatory arthritis.

Diagnosis typically involves physical examination and imaging such as X-ray or MRI. Treatment ranges from physical therapy and analgesia to surgical options, including hip replacement or joint-preserving procedures, depending on the condition and its severity.