hypoventiláció

Hypoventilation is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low or inadequate breathing rate or depth, resulting in insufficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This means the body is not taking in enough oxygen and not expelling enough carbon dioxide.

The primary consequence of hypoventilation is hypercapnia, an excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, and hypoxia, a deficiency of oxygen. This imbalance can lead to a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, dizziness, confusion, fatigue, and in severe cases, respiratory failure, coma, or even death.

Hypoventilation can stem from various causes. Respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia can impair lung function. Neurological disorders affecting the brainstem, which controls breathing, like stroke or brain injury, can also lead to hypoventilation. Additionally, certain medications, particularly opioids and sedatives, can suppress respiratory drive. Obesity can contribute through its effect on chest wall mechanics and potential for obstructive sleep apnea.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, assessment of breathing patterns, and blood gas analysis to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and improving ventilation. This may involve mechanical ventilation, such as using a ventilator or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, administering oxygen therapy, or adjusting medications. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent serious complications.