hypopnø

Hypopnea is a medical term describing a condition where breathing becomes shallow or slow during sleep. It is often characterized by a significant reduction in airflow, but not a complete cessation of breathing like in sleep apnea. During an episode of hypopnea, the chest and abdominal movements may continue, but the airflow through the nose or mouth is diminished. This reduction in breathing is typically measured by a drop in respiratory effort.

Hypopnea episodes can lead to a decrease in blood oxygen levels. The brain, sensing the lack of sufficient oxygen, will then briefly awaken the individual to restore normal breathing. These awakenings are often so brief that the person is not aware of them. However, the repeated disruption of sleep can lead to significant daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function.

The causes of hypopnea can be varied and may include anatomical factors such as a smaller jaw, larger tongue, or enlarged tonsils, which can obstruct the airway during sleep. Obesity is also a significant risk factor, as excess weight can put pressure on the airway. Other contributing factors include aging and certain medical conditions.

Diagnosing hypopnea typically involves a sleep study, also known as polysomnography. This study monitors various physiological parameters during sleep, including breathing patterns, oxygen levels, heart rate, and brain activity. Treatment for hypopnea depends on the severity and underlying cause. Options may include lifestyle changes such as weight loss, positional therapy to avoid sleeping on the back, or the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, which keeps the airway open during sleep.