hypokalemiaksi
Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by lower-than-normal potassium levels in the blood, typically defined as a serum potassium concentration below 3.5 mmol/L. Potassium is essential for the electrical activity of nerves and muscles, including the heart, as well as for fluid balance and acid-base regulation. Clinically, many cases are mild or asymptomatic, but more pronounced decreases can cause muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, constipation, and palpitations. In severe cases, hypokalemia may lead to paralysis or life-threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances. Electrocardiographic changes often include flattened T waves, the appearance of U waves, ST depression, and, in some cases, prolonged QT interval.
Common causes include increased renal potassium loss (for example from diuretic use, primary hyperaldosteronism, certain kidney
Diagnosis relies on a blood test to measure potassium, usually alongside assessments of kidney function, acid-base
Treatment depends on severity and symptoms. Mild cases are often managed with oral potassium supplementation and