hypoalbuminemiaa

Hypoalbuminemia refers to a lower than normal level of albumin in the blood. Albumin is the most abundant protein in plasma and is produced by the liver. It plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic pressure, which helps to keep fluid within the blood vessels. Albumin also transports various substances, including hormones, fatty acids, and medications.

Low albumin levels can result from several conditions. Impaired production by the liver, often seen in cirrhosis or severe liver disease, is a primary cause. Increased loss of albumin can occur through the kidneys, as in nephrotic syndrome, or through the gastrointestinal tract in conditions like protein-losing enteropathy. Malnutrition and malabsorption, particularly protein deficiency, can also lead to hypoalbuminemia. Furthermore, chronic inflammation and certain infections can increase albumin breakdown or shift its distribution.

The clinical manifestations of hypoalbuminemia are largely related to the loss of oncotic pressure. This can lead to fluid shifting out of the blood vessels and into tissues, causing edema, most commonly seen in the legs, ankles, and abdomen (ascites). In severe cases, this can affect organs like the lungs, leading to shortness of breath.

Diagnosis of hypoalbuminemia is made through a blood test measuring serum albumin levels. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective management. Treatment strategies depend on the etiology and may involve addressing liver disease, managing kidney disorders, improving nutritional intake, or treating inflammation.