hypersplénie

Hypersplenia refers to an enlarged spleen, a condition also known as splenomegaly. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left abdomen that plays a role in filtering blood, storing blood cells, and fighting infection. An enlarged spleen itself is not a disease but rather a sign that an underlying condition is causing it to enlarge.

Several factors can lead to hypersplenia. Infections, such as mononucleosis, malaria, and bacterial infections, are common causes. Blood disorders, including various types of anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma, can also result in an enlarged spleen as the organ works harder to process abnormal blood cells. Liver diseases, like cirrhosis, and certain metabolic disorders, such as Gaucher disease, can also contribute to hypersplenia. In some cases, the cause of an enlarged spleen may not be identifiable.

The symptoms associated with hypersplenia can vary depending on the underlying cause and the size of the spleen. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others might feel a sense of fullness or pain in the upper left abdomen. An enlarged spleen can also lead to hypersplenia, where the spleen removes too many blood cells from circulation, causing anemia, a low white blood cell count (leukopenia), or a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like an ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen.