hyperosmolaritás

Hyperosmolarity refers to a condition where the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma is higher than normal. This increased osmolarity typically means that the blood has a higher concentration of dissolved substances like sodium, glucose, or urea relative to the amount of water. The body strives to maintain a carefully regulated osmotic balance, and hyperosmolarity can disrupt this.

Several factors can lead to hyperosmolarity. Dehydration is a common cause, as the loss of water without a corresponding loss of solutes increases the concentration of remaining solutes. Certain medical conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, can also result in hyperosmolarity, often due to very high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). In diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, elevated glucose contributes significantly to the osmotic pressure. Kidney disease can impair the body's ability to excrete excess solutes, potentially leading to hyperosmolarity. Certain medications or treatments can also influence fluid and solute balance.

The symptoms of hyperosmolarity can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. They often include extreme thirst, dry mouth, and decreased urination. As the condition worsens, individuals may experience confusion, lethargy, weakness, and even seizures or coma due to the impact on brain cells. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and restoring fluid and electrolyte balance, often involving intravenous fluids and management of conditions like diabetes.