hypernatrémiával

Hypernatremia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. When sodium levels in the blood become too high, it can disrupt these vital processes.

This condition most often arises due to a lack of sufficient water in the body, leading to a relative increase in sodium concentration. Causes of water deficit include insufficient fluid intake, excessive water loss through sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, or certain kidney disorders. In some cases, hypernatremia can also be caused by an excessive intake of sodium, though this is less common in individuals with normal kidney function.

Symptoms of hypernatremia can range from mild to severe and depend on how quickly the sodium levels rise and how high they become. Mild symptoms may include thirst, dry mouth, and weakness. As levels increase, individuals might experience confusion, lethargy, muscle twitching or spasms, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, and even death.

Diagnosis is made through a blood test that measures serum sodium levels. Treatment focuses on carefully and gradually correcting the sodium imbalance by administering fluids, usually intravenously, to rehydrate the body. The rate of correction is important to prevent complications such as cerebral edema, a dangerous swelling of the brain. Underlying causes of hypernatremia are also addressed.