hyperkalemiaan

Hyperkalemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Normally, the body tightly regulates potassium levels, but certain conditions can disrupt this balance, leading to hyperkalemia.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia can range from mild to severe and may not always be present. When symptoms do occur, they can include muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and abnormal heart rhythms, which can be life-threatening. In severe cases, hyperkalemia can lead to paralysis or cardiac arrest.

Several factors can contribute to hyperkalemia. Kidney disease is a common cause, as the kidneys are responsible for excreting excess potassium. Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics, and NSAIDs, can also raise potassium levels. Other causes include severe burns, tissue damage, uncontrolled diabetes, and adrenal insufficiency.

Diagnosis of hyperkalemia is typically made through a blood test that measures potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess the impact of high potassium on heart activity.

Treatment for hyperkalemia depends on its severity and the underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed by discontinuing medications that contribute to high potassium or by dietary changes. More severe cases may require medications to help shift potassium into cells or to remove excess potassium from the body. In critical situations, emergent treatments like intravenous calcium to protect the heart or dialysis may be necessary.