hyperaldosteronomia

Hyperaldosteronism, also known as hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, is a medical condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and fluid volume in the body. When aldosterone levels are too high, it can lead to a cascade of physiological disturbances.

The primary consequence of excessive aldosterone is the retention of sodium and water by the kidneys, which can result in elevated blood pressure, or hypertension. Concurrently, the body excretes potassium, leading to hypokalemia, or low potassium levels. This electrolyte imbalance can manifest in various symptoms, including muscle weakness, fatigue, headaches, and increased thirst and urination. In severe cases, hypokalemia can contribute to more serious cardiac arrhythmias.

Hyperaldosteronism can stem from several causes. Primary hyperaldosteronism arises from a problem within the adrenal glands themselves, such as an adenoma (a benign tumor) or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Secondary hyperaldosteronism is caused by an underlying condition that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more aldosterone, such as renal artery stenosis or certain forms of heart failure. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure aldosterone and renin levels, along with imaging studies to identify any adrenal abnormalities. Treatment strategies are tailored to the underlying cause and may include medication to control blood pressure and electrolyte levels, or surgical removal of adrenal tumors if present.