hylkeet

Hylkeet is the Finnish word for seals, a group of semi-aquatic marine mammals in the order Pinnipedia. Seals inhabit polar and temperate waters worldwide and in the Baltic Sea region are represented mainly by the ringed seal (Pusa hispida), the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and, less commonly, harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). They are adapted to both land and water with streamlined bodies, flippers for locomotion, a thick layer of blubber for insulation, and sensitive vibrissae used to detect prey.

Seals are carnivorous, feeding primarily on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. Reproductive strategies vary among species; many give birth to single pups annually, often on ice or secluded shorelines, and display varying degrees of maternal care. Some species undertake seasonal migrations, while others remain resident in local coastal or ice-associated habitats.

In the Baltic Sea, ringed seals rely on stable winter ice and snow lairs for pupping; climate change and reduced ice cover have become major conservation concerns. Other threats include bycatch in fishing gear, pollution, habitat disturbance and historical hunting. Conservation measures in Finland and across the EU include protected areas, regulations on hunting and fisheries, and monitoring programs that track populations and health.

Seals also feature in regional culture and coastal livelihoods, historically providing food and materials. Today they attract wildlife tourism and continue to be a focus of scientific research and conservation efforts.