hydrolýzou
Hydrolýzou, also known as hydrolysis, is a fundamental chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more smaller molecules through the addition of a water molecule. In this process, a covalent bond in the substrate is cleaved, and the atoms of water are incorporated into the resulting products. The reaction is typically represented by the general equation: AB + H₂O → A–OH + B–H. This simple representation masks the complexity of the mechanism, which often involves acid or base catalysis or enzyme involvement to lower the activation energy.
The reaction proceeds in three main steps. Initially, a water molecule is activated, either by protonation of
Hydrolysis has extensive industrial applications. In the production of detergents, fatty acid salts are hydrolyzed to
In biological systems, hydrolysis is essential for energy metabolism. The hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to
Overall, hydrolýzou serves as a cornerstone in both natural biochemical pathways and engineered chemical processes, facilitating