hydroksyurea

Hydroxyurea, also known as hydroksyurea in Polish, is a medication classified as an antimetabolite. It inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme that converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides necessary for DNA replication.

Clinical uses include myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, where it helps control blood cell counts. It is also used in some cancers as part of chemotherapy regimens, and in sickle cell disease to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and reduce vaso-occlusive crises.

Pharmacology and administration: Hydroxyurea is usually taken by mouth as tablets. Absorption is rapid; responses in blood counts may take several weeks. It has a relatively short plasma half-life and is primarily excreted by the kidneys; dosing often requires adjustment in renal impairment. Avoid concurrent myelosuppressive drugs without monitoring.

Safety and monitoring: Common adverse effects include bone marrow suppression (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia), nausea, vomiting, mucositis, and skin changes. Hepatic toxicity and leg ulcers can occur. It is teratogenic and should be avoided in pregnancy; women of childbearing potential should use contraception, and men should seek medical advice. Regular complete blood counts and liver and kidney function tests are recommended during treatment.

Societal status: Hydroxyurea is available in generic form and is prescribed by hematologists and oncologists in many countries. Dosing and monitoring are tailored to the indication and patient risk factors.