horsechestnut

Horsechestnut refers to Aesculus hippocastanum, a large deciduous tree in the Sapindaceae family (formerly Hippocastanaceae). Native to the Balkan Peninsula, it is widely planted as an ornamental in temperate regions. It should not be confused with the true chestnut (Castanea species).

Description and features: The tree can reach 25–35 meters in height with a broad crown. It has pinnate leaves with 5–7 large leaflets and a stout stalk. In spring, it produces sizable upright panicles of white to pale pink flowers that are strongly scented. The fruit is a spiky, rounded capsule that typically contains one to two shiny brown seeds, known as conkers. Conkers fall in autumn and are a traditional game material in some countries, though the seeds are toxic if eaten raw.

Toxicity and uses: Seeds and other parts of the plant contain compounds such as aesculin and other saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhea and can be dangerous in large amounts. Despite toxicity, extracts from horsechestnut seeds or bark are used in traditional and some modern medicines for vascular conditions, particularly chronic venous insufficiency, and standardized preparations are available for external use. As an ornamental tree, it is valued for shade, form, and autumn color.

Cultivation and care: Horsechestnut tolerates urban conditions but is susceptible to late frost damage and some pests and diseases, including leaf scorch under drought or heat stress and various leaf spots. It thrives in mo ist, well-drained soil and can be slow to establish in poor soils.