homologation

Homologation is the process by which a product, design, or component is certified as meeting the technical, safety, or regulatory requirements of a particular jurisdiction or standard. The term, derived from the French homologuer meaning to approve or authorize, is used across industries to authorize market access or participation in regulated activities. The specific requirements and procedures vary by field and country, but common elements include documentation, testing, and a formal approval or certificate.

In the automotive sector, homologation often refers to type approval, where a vehicle model and its components are tested for compliance with safety, emissions, and environmental standards before it can be sold in a market. This can involve independent testing, production conformity checks, and post-approval obligations. In some markets, separate national or regional approvals may be required, though harmonization efforts aim to simplify cross-border access.

Other industries that use homologation include aerospace, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and sporting equipment. In motorsport, homologation may determine eligibility to compete with a particular model, sometimes requiring a minimum production run or adherence to specified specifications to ensure a fair field.

Key distinctions include the broader idea of certification versus specific market-entry approvals. While certification can apply to products or processes in general, homologation implies compliance with particular standards for a defined market or activity, often with ongoing conformity requirements and potential updates if regulations change.

See also: type approval, conformity assessment, regulatory approval.