homoarginine

Homoarginine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, meaning it is not one of the 20 standard amino acids found in proteins. Its chemical structure is similar to arginine, but with an additional methylene group in its side chain, hence the prefix "homo." This structural difference gives homoarginine distinct biochemical and physiological properties.

In mammals, homoarginine is synthesized endogenously from lysine. It circulates in the bloodstream and its levels can be influenced by various factors, including diet and kidney function. Homoarginine has garnered attention for its potential roles in cardiovascular health. Studies have suggested that lower levels of homoarginine are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis.

The proposed mechanisms by which homoarginine exerts its effects include its ability to act as a substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, similar to arginine, thereby promoting nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is a crucial molecule for vasodilation and maintaining vascular health. Additionally, homoarginine may interact with other signaling pathways involved in inflammation and endothelial function. Research into the precise physiological roles and therapeutic potential of homoarginine is ongoing.