homecare

Home care refers to health and supportive services delivered in a person’s home, rather than in a hospital or long-term care facility. It is intended for individuals who prefer to stay at home or who require assistance due to aging, disability, or chronic illness. Home care can include medical services, such as skilled nursing and therapy, as well as non-medical support like help with daily activities.

Types of services include assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing and dressing, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as meal preparation and transportation, medication management, wound care, rehabilitation therapies, and palliative care. Providers may operate as licensed home health agencies, non-medical home care agencies, or independent contractors; personnel include home health aides, nurses, therapists, social workers, and companions.

Settings and models: services are delivered in the patient’s residence, and may be organized as part of public programs, private insurance, or private pay. Care plans emphasize safety, mobility, and function, with supervision by physicians or nurse case managers.

Impact and challenges: home care can support independence, reduce hospitalizations, and lower costs for some populations, but quality can vary, and workforce shortages, training needs, and caregiver burnout pose challenges. Regulation and licensing differ by country and region, influencing staffing, scope of practice, and reimbursement.

History and governance: the modern home care sector grew from family caregiving into formal services in the 20th century, prompted by aging populations and advances in chronic disease management. Outcomes are assessed through patient satisfaction, functional status, and health utilization metrics.