histopatologické

Histopatologické refers to the examination of diseased tissue. This involves microscopic analysis of tissue samples, known as biopsies or surgical specimens, to identify cellular abnormalities and determine the nature and extent of a disease. Histopathology is a crucial diagnostic tool in medicine, particularly in fields like oncology, where it is used to diagnose cancer, determine its grade and stage, and guide treatment decisions. The process typically involves obtaining a tissue sample, fixing it to preserve its structure, embedding it in a medium like paraffin wax, slicing it into very thin sections, staining the sections with various dyes to highlight cellular components, and then examining the stained slides under a microscope. Pathologists interpret the microscopic findings to reach a diagnosis, which may include identifying the presence of inflammation, infection, degenerative changes, or neoplastic (cancerous) growth. Advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry, which uses antibodies to detect specific proteins within cells, and molecular pathology, which analyzes genetic material, are often used in conjunction with standard histopathology to provide more detailed and precise diagnostic information. The accuracy of histopathological diagnosis relies heavily on the skill and experience of the pathologist, as well as the quality of the tissue sample and processing.