histaminmetabolisme

Histaminmetabolisme refers to the biochemical processes involved in the synthesis, storage, release, and degradation of histamine. Histamine is a biogenic amine derived from the amino acid histidine. The primary enzyme responsible for histamine synthesis is histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which converts histidine into histamine. Once synthesized, histamine can be stored in various cells, most notably mast cells and basophils, within secretory granules.

The release of histamine is triggered by a range of stimuli, including allergic reactions, inflammation, and certain physical stimuli. Upon release, histamine exerts its effects by binding to specific histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, and H4) located on various target cells, leading to diverse physiological responses such as vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and increased gastric acid secretion.

Histamine metabolism also includes its inactivation and degradation. The principal pathway for histamine breakdown involves two enzymes: diamine oxidase (DAO) and histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT). DAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of histamine, producing imidazole-4-acetaldehyde. HNMT, on the other hand, methylates histamine to form N-methylhistamine. Both of these metabolites are further processed and eventually excreted from the body. Dysregulation of histaminmetabolisme can be associated with various conditions, including allergic diseases and histamine intolerance.