hipotiroidismul

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, which results in a deficiency of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck, and it plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and mood. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones or when the body does not respond adequately to the hormones it produces.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include iodine deficiency, certain medications, and surgical removal of the thyroid gland. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary but often include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, hair loss, and depression. In severe cases, hypothyroidism can lead to heart problems, infertility, and cognitive impairment.

Hypothyroidism is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels. Treatment usually involves taking synthetic thyroid hormone replacement medication, such as levothyroxine. The goal of treatment is to restore thyroid hormone levels to normal and alleviate symptoms. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor thyroid function and adjust medication as needed. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet and regular exercise may also be recommended to support overall health.