hipoparatiroidisme

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by inadequate production or function of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The parathyroid glands, located in the neck, are responsible for secreting PTH, which plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. When PTH is deficient, blood calcium levels drop (hypocalcemia), and blood phosphate levels rise (hyperphosphatemia).

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is accidental damage or removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery, particularly thyroid or neck surgery. Other causes can include autoimmune diseases where the body's immune system attacks the parathyroid glands, genetic disorders affecting parathyroid development, and certain mineral deficiencies.

Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism vary depending on the severity of the calcium deficiency. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while more severe hypocalcemia can lead to muscle cramps, spasms, tingling sensations in the fingers and around the mouth, fatigue, and anxiety. In extreme cases, it can cause seizures, heart rhythm abnormalities, and even be life-threatening.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests measuring calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels. Treatment focuses on restoring normal calcium levels, typically involving calcium and vitamin D supplements. Long-term management aims to prevent complications such as kidney stones, cataracts, and bone problems. Regular monitoring of calcium and phosphate levels is essential for individuals with hypoparathyroidism.