hidroxyzina

Hydroxyzine is a first‑generation antihistamine used in medicine for its antiallergic, antipruritic, and sedative properties. It is available in several salt forms, most commonly hydroxyzine hydrochloride and hydroxyzine pamoate, and is sold under brand names such as Atarax and Vistaril. It is used to relieve itching from allergic conditions, hives, and other dermatologic irritations, and to treat anxiety, tension, and agitation. It is also employed as a sedative before or during medical procedures and has antiemetic effects in some settings.

Pharmacology and forms: Hydroxyzine works by blocking peripheral and central histamine H1 receptors, reducing symptoms driven by histamine. Its lipophilicity gives it notable central nervous system effects, including sedation and anxiolysis, and it can produce anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth and blurred vision. The medication is available as oral tablets or capsules in hydroxyzine hydrochloride or pamoate formulations.

Dosage and administration: Dosing varies by indication, age, and product form. In adults, anxiety and related conditions are commonly treated with lower, divided doses, while pruritus may require higher doses. Pediatric dosing differs and should follow prescribing information. Doses are adjusted for elderly and individuals with liver or kidney impairment.

Adverse effects and safety: Common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and headache. Sedation contributes to impaired performance of tasks requiring alertness. Caution is advised when driving or operating machinery, and alcohol or other CNS depressants should be avoided. Anticholinergic effects may worsen urinary retention or confusion in older adults. Hydroxyzine should be used in pregnancy and lactation only if clearly needed and prescribed by a clinician.

Interactions and contraindications: Avoid combining with alcohol or other sedatives. Contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine or related compounds; use with caution in liver or kidney disease and in certain ocular or prostatic conditions.