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Hesperidium is a type of fruit that has a leathery rind surrounding the inner pulp. It is a characteristic feature of certain plants in the family Rutaceae, which includes citrus and related genera. The rind of the fruit, which is the hesperidium itself, is often leathery and contains oils and other secondary compounds that contribute to the fruit's flavor and aroma.

Inside the hesperidium, the pulp is composed of juice sacs, known as vesicles, which contain the sweet, juicy liquid commonly associated with the fruit. These vesicles are typically minute, usually only a few millimeters in diameter. They release their contents, such as citric acid and other flavor compounds, upon compression, which contributes to the fruit's characteristic texture and flavor.

Examples of fruits that have a hesperidium include oranges, grapefruits, and lemons. The manner in which the hesperidium evolves is of interest to botanists as it provides unique insights into the development of plant morphology. Studies have shown that the vesicles in the hesperidium contain high concentrations of the essential oils responsible for the characteristic aroma of citrus fruits.

_patterns of plant growth and development in relation to the hesperidium are currently an active area of research. ongoing studies aim to understand the molecular mechanisms governing the evolution of this structure and how it impacts plant growth patterns. The hesperidium plays a key role in plant morphology, basic metabolic exchange processes and has biomedical implications.