hepatoviiruses

Hepatoviiruses are a genus of viruses in the family Caliciviridae. They are small, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome. The name "hepato" refers to their primary target organ, the liver, and "virus" indicates their viral nature. These viruses are primarily known for their ability to cause hepatitis, which is inflammation of the liver.

There are several recognized species within the Hepatovirus genus, with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) being the most well-known and medically significant. Other species include Tortivirus and Aichi virus. HEV is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, particularly in developing countries. Transmission of HEV typically occurs through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or undercooked food. While HEV infection is usually self-limiting, it can lead to chronic infection and severe liver damage in certain populations, such as pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.

Diagnosis of hepatovirus infections often involves serological tests to detect antibodies against the virus or molecular methods to detect viral RNA in blood or stool samples. Prevention strategies focus on improving sanitation, ensuring access to clean water, and promoting safe food handling practices. Vaccination against Hepatitis E is available in some regions but is not yet widely implemented. Research continues to explore the pathogenesis of these viruses and to develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.