hengitystärsken

Hengitystärsken, also known as a pulmonary aspiration, occurs when foreign material, such as food, liquid, or vomit, enters the airway below the vocal cords. This can happen during swallowing or if the protective reflexes of the airway are compromised. Common risk factors include impaired consciousness due to alcohol, drugs, or medical conditions, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and certain neurological disorders.

The immediate consequence of aspiration can be a cough or choking episode as the body attempts to expel the foreign material. If the material remains in the lungs, it can lead to inflammation and infection, a condition known as aspiration pneumonia. Symptoms of aspiration pneumonia can include fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. In severe cases, aspiration can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening lung injury.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans to identify inflammation or infection in the lungs. Treatment focuses on removing the aspirated material if possible, managing symptoms, and treating any resulting infection with antibiotics. Prevention strategies are crucial and include modifying food and drink consistency, elevating the head of the bed during sleep, and addressing underlying conditions that increase the risk of aspiration.