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Hemodialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform this function adequately. This condition, known as renal failure, can occur due to various reasons such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, or kidney failure due to other medical conditions. The procedure is typically performed in a dialysis center or at home using a dialysis machine.

During hemodialysis, blood is drawn from a vein in the arm, passed through a dialyzer, and then returned to the body. The dialyzer acts as an artificial kidney, filtering out waste products like urea and creatinine, and excess fluid. The procedure also helps in removing excess potassium and phosphorus, which can build up in the body during renal failure.

Hemodialysis is usually performed three times a week, with each session lasting about 3 to 4 hours. The frequency and duration of sessions can vary depending on the individual's needs and the severity of their kidney disease. The procedure is generally well-tolerated, but some patients may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or itching.

Hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It helps to maintain electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and overall health. However, it is not a cure for kidney disease and patients may still require other treatments such as kidney transplantation or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in severe cases. Regular monitoring and management of underlying conditions are essential for optimal outcomes.