hematuriához

Hematúria refers to the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can be either visible to the naked eye, known as gross hematuria, or microscopic, detectable only through laboratory analysis. The appearance of urine in gross hematuria can range from pink to red or even cola-colored, depending on the amount of blood.

The causes of hematuria are diverse and can range from benign conditions to serious underlying diseases. Common causes include urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, and bladder infections. Trauma to the kidneys or urinary tract can also lead to bleeding. Certain medical conditions affecting the kidneys, such as glomerulonephritis or IgA nephropathy, can cause hematuria. In some cases, hematuria may be a symptom of more serious conditions like kidney cancer, bladder cancer, or prostate cancer. Certain medications, like blood thinners, can also increase the risk of hematuria.

Diagnosis typically involves a urinalysis to confirm the presence of blood and to check for other indicators like infection. Further investigations may include blood tests, imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI), and cystoscopy (a procedure to visualize the bladder and urethra).

Treatment for hematuria depends entirely on the underlying cause. For infections, antibiotics are prescribed. Kidney stones may be managed with pain relief, hydration, or medical procedures to break them up or remove them. If cancer is diagnosed, treatment will involve specific oncological therapies. In cases where no specific cause is found, the hematuria may resolve on its own, but regular monitoring is often recommended.