hematomyelia

Hematomyelia is a rare medical condition characterized by bleeding within the spinal cord itself. This internal hemorrhage can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms, depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. The spinal cord is a critical component of the central nervous system, responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Damage to this structure can therefore result in significant functional impairments.

The causes of hematomyelia are diverse. Trauma is a common culprit, including direct injury to the spine from accidents, falls, or surgical procedures. Spontaneous bleeding can occur due to vascular malformations within the spinal cord, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or cavernous malformations. Other less common causes include bleeding disorders, tumors, or the use of anticoagulant medications.

Symptoms of hematomyelia can vary widely and may include sudden onset of severe back or neck pain, loss of sensation, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. The severity of these symptoms is directly related to the amount of bleeding and the specific spinal cord tracts affected.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can clearly visualize the presence and extent of bleeding within the spinal cord. Treatment strategies are aimed at managing the bleeding, reducing pressure on the spinal cord, and addressing any underlying causes. This may involve surgical intervention to evacuate the hematoma or repair vascular abnormalities, as well as supportive care to manage neurological deficits and prevent complications. Rehabilitation is often a crucial part of recovery, focusing on regaining lost function and improving quality of life.