happikatalyytin
Happikatalyytin, or acid catalyst, is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing acidic catalysis while remaining unchanged in the overall reaction. Acid catalysis can be categorized as Brønsted–Lowry, where the catalyst donates a proton, or Lewis, where it accepts an electron pair to increase the electrophilicity of a substrate.
Common Brønsted acids include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. Lewis
Mechanistically, acid catalysts activate substrates by protonating reactive centers (for example, carbonyl oxygens or alkenes) or
Happikatalyytin play key roles in many reactions, including esterification and hydrolysis, dehydration and hydration, acetylation and
Advantages of acid catalysis include high activity under relatively mild conditions and the potential for catalyst