hammasvallin

Hammasvallin is a term used in archaeology and historical studies to describe a specific type of defensive earthwork. It refers to a rampart, or wall, constructed from compacted earth, often faced with timber or stone. These structures were typically built in the Iron Age and early medieval periods in various parts of Europe.

The primary purpose of a hammasvallin was defense. It would have served to deter attackers, provide a platform for defenders, and create a significant obstacle. The term itself originates from Old Norse, with "hammas" meaning something like a crest or ridge, and "vallin" referring to a rampart or wall. This suggests a strong association with Viking and Scandinavian fortifications, though similar structures can be found in other cultural contexts.

The construction of a hammasvallin often involved excavating a ditch, with the spoil used to build up the rampart. The facing materials, such as timber palisades or stone revetments, would have added stability and increased the defensive effectiveness of the earthwork. Archaeological evidence for hammasvallin includes linear earthworks, post-holes indicating timber structures, and remnants of stone facing. Studying these features helps archaeologists understand settlement patterns, defensive strategies, and the technological capabilities of past societies.