hamburger

A hamburger, or burger, is a sandwich that centers a cooked ground beef patty inside a sliced bun. It is commonly topped with lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, cheese, and condiments such as ketchup, mustard, or mayonnaise, but toppings vary widely. Variants use other meats or plant-based patties, and buns range from plain to sesame-seeded.

The name derives from Hamburg, Germany, where a form of minced beef known as Hamburg steak influenced early American preparations. The modern hamburger emerged in the United States in the late 19th or early 20th century, with competing claims to invention. It gained worldwide popularity through fast-food and casual dining in the mid- to late 20th century.

Patties are usually beef but may use other meats or blends. They are typically grilled, pan-fried, or griddled and served in a split bun that may be toasted. Cheeseburgers, veggie burgers, bacon burgers, and regional sauces are common variants.

Nutrition varies with patty size and toppings. A standard hamburger can be high in calories, fat, and sodium. Ground beef should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) to minimize foodborne illness.

Today, hamburgers appear in many cuisines and remain a central feature of fast food and casual dining, reflecting regional tastes and culinary innovation.