halogenstypically

Halogens typically refer to the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table. This group includes fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). These elements are highly reactive nonmetals. The name "halogen" is derived from Greek words meaning "salt-former," reflecting their tendency to readily form salts with metals.

Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements. Chlorine is a widely used disinfectant and a component of many industrial chemicals. Bromine is a liquid at room temperature and is used in flame retardants and pesticides. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and is used as an antiseptic. Astatine is a rare, radioactive element with limited practical applications.

Halogens exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental form, meaning they consist of two atoms bonded together (e.g., F2, Cl2). They have seven valence electrons, which they readily gain to achieve a stable electron configuration. This high reactivity makes them important in various chemical reactions and industrial processes. Their compounds are found in many natural and synthetic materials, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning agents.