haldusaktid

Haldusaktid is the Estonian term for administrative acts, meaning formal decisions or measures taken by public authorities in the exercise of public power. Such acts determine rights, obligations or legal status of natural or legal persons, regulate the use of public resources, or implement statutory tasks of administration. They are central to administrative law and public administration.

Typically haldusaktid are unilateral and binding, issued by competent bodies within the scope of their authority. They may be individual (addressed to a particular person or case) or general (regulatory acts with broader application). Common examples include permits and licenses, orders, fines, registrations, approvals and refusals. The form and content often must satisfy statutory requirements such as identification of the authority, operative decision, reasons, legal basis and information on remedies.

Procedural protections usually accompany haldusaktid: the right to be heard, notice and reasons, and access to records. Legal remedies commonly include administrative appeal, judicial review and annulment; enforcement mechanisms exist where decisions are final. Haldusaktid differ from contracts (which are consensual) and from judicial judgments (which are issued by courts), though courts review their legality.

Understanding haldusaktid requires attention to the domestic administrative procedure law and governing statutes, which define competence, form, grounds for validity, and available remedies to ensure legality, proportionality and protection of individual rights.