hakafot

Hakafot, from the Hebrew hakafah meaning “circulation” or “round,” are processions of the Torah scrolls in Jewish synagogue worship. They are a central feature of Simchat Torah, the festival that marks the completion and restart of the annual Torah reading cycle. During hakafot, the Torah scrolls are taken out of the ark and carried around the sanctuary, typically by designated leaders with the participation of the community, while songs, prayers, and dancing accompany the procession. The practice emphasizes both rejoicing in and reverence for the Torah.

In many Ashkenazi communities, hakafot consist of seven circuits around the bimah or through the aisles, with the scrolls being passed from one person to another and the congregation following along. The exact order and number of rounds can vary by tradition, and Sephardic and other communities may observe different customs. The ritual often takes place at the conclusion of the religious service on Simchat Torah, and in some places there are additional hakafot for children or separate gatherings in the days surrounding the festival.

The event is marked by music, dancing, and cheers, reflecting communal joy over the Torah. Proper handling of the Torah scrolls, respect for the ark, and adherence to local customs guide the procedure. Participation is typically open to congregants, with variations in involvement across different denominations and communities. Hakafot remain one of the most recognizable expressions of Simchat Torah celebrations worldwide.